Current Neuropharmacology
,
2018
,
16
,
903
–
918
REVIEW ART
I
CLE
Strategies to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Glaucoma Patients
Maria D. Pinazo
–
Durán
1,2,*
, Kian Shoaie
–
Nia
1
, Vicente Zanón
–
Moreno
1,2,3
, Silva M. Sanz
–
González
1,2
,
Javier Benítez del Castillo
4
and Jose J. García
–
Medina
1,2,5
1
Ophthalmic Research Unit Santiago Gr
isolía/FISABIO, and Cellular and Molecular Research Unit, University of Vale
n
cia,
Valencia, Spain;
2
Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Pathology OFTARED, Institute of Health Ca
r
los III, Madrid, Spain;
3
Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Healh, School of Med
icine, University of Valencia, Vale
n
cia, Spain;
4
Hospital of Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain;
5
Universitary Hospital Reina Sofia, and Department of Experimental Ophthalmo
l
ogy, University of Mu
rcia, Murcia, Spain
Abstract:
Background
:
Primary open
–
angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multifactorial pathology
involving a var
i
ety of pathogenic mechanisms, including oxidative/nitrosative stress. This latter is
the consequence of the imbalance between exces
sive formation and insufficient protection against
rea
c
tive oxygen/nitrogen species.
Objective
:
Our main goal is to gather molecular information to better managing pathologic variants
that may determine the individual susceptibility to oxidative/nitrosati
ve stress (OS/NS) and POAG.
Method
:
An extensive search of the scientific literature was conducted using PUBMED, the Web of
Science, the Coc
h
rane Library, and other references on the topic of POAG and OS/NS from human
and animal model studies published b
e
tween 2010 and 2017. Finally, 152 works containing relevant
information that may help understanding the role of antioxidants, essential fatty acids, natural co
m-
pounds and other similar strategies for counteracting OS/NS in POAG were co
n
sidered.
Results
:
A
wide variety of studies have proven that antioxidants, among them vitamins B
3
, C and E,
Coenzyme Q10 or melatonin,
ω
–
3/
ω
–
6 fatty acids and other natural compounds (such as coffee,
green tea, bear bile, gingko biloba, coleus, tropical fruits, etc.,) may hel
p regulating the intraocular
pressure as well as protecting the retinal neurons against OS/NS in POAG.
Conclusion
:
Based on the impact of antioxidants and
ω
–
3/
ω
–
6 fatty acids at the molecular level in
the glaucomatous anterior and posterior eye segments,
further studies are needed by int
e
grating all
issues involved in glaucoma pathogenesis, endogenous and exogenous risk factors and their intera
c-
tions that will allow us to reach newer effective biotherapies for preventing glaucomatous irrevers
i-
ble blindness.
This is a good review article that goes through all the treatments for glaucoma and notes the need for more research on natural preventative options such as increasing one’s intake of Omega 3.