The online, virtual schooling fall back that most schools resorted to in the Spring seemed needed at the time when the fear of COVID-19 was at its peak. We now have a great deal more data to indicate that schools should not be closed to help contain the spread of the virus.

The below review article does a great job to discuss the options of what schools are doing globally.

There are many publications noting the danger of children using screens excessively and solely online schooling formats are not desirable for most students. Of course there are exceptions. Students who are immunocompromised or have a immunocompromised person in the house may choose to school virtually 2020-2021. But for the majority of families, in-person schooling makes the most medical sense.

Below this article are more references on issue of opening schools during the COVID-19 era (**) and references on the potential negative side effects of encouraging online schooling.

I must make a personal note, that I have homeschooled my kids for years off and on. As an eye surgeon, I have been very aware of the devastating consequences excess screen time can cause in patients and school-aged children. All my friends who are pediatricians ask at each visit about screen time because it is a global health issue for our children.

My kids did use the computer for educational purposes from time to time, but it was with supervision and significantly restricted. Having a child sit alone with a computer for hours at a time is medically unhealthy. As a colleague continues to say, giving a child a computer without supervision is “child abuse” and “malpractice.” Those are extreme words, but given the pathology he sees, he is concerned about the long term negative effects computer-addition is causing to children.

Here are a couple of key quotes from below published PUBMED articles:

1. Education is one of the strongest predictors of the health and the wealth of a country’s future workers, and the impact of long-term school closure on educational outcomes, future earnings, the health of young people, and future national productivity has not been quantified. (Reference1)

2. Governments worldwide should allow all children back to school regardless of comorbidities. Detailed surveillance will be needed to confirm the safety of this approach, despite recent analysis demonstrating the ineffectiveness of school closures in the recent past.18 (

Viner RM ,
Russell SJ ,
Croker H , et al

. School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. Lancet Child Adolesc Health) The media highlight of a possible rare new Kawasaki-like vasculitis that may or may not be due to SARS-CoV2 does not change the fact that severe COVID-19 is as rare as many other serious infection syndromes in children that do not cause schools to be closed. Individualised risk assessment and decision-making by clinicians should occur for those considered at exceptional risk (such as in immediately after bone marrow transplant) or where there are other older family members at significant risk.

SLC

References:

Viner RM ,
Russell SJ ,
Croker H , et al

. School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. Lancet Child Adolesc Health)

2. Children are not COVID-19 super spreaders: time to go back to school.

Munro APS, et al. Arch Dis Child. 2020. PMID: 32371442 Review

. 2020 Jun; 10(1): 010376.

Published online 2020 Jun 27. doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010376

PMCID: PMC7321012

PMID: 32612815

Reopening schools after the COVID-19 lockdown

Aziz Sheikh,1 Asiyah Sheikh,2 Zakariya Sheikh,2 and Sangeeta Dhami3

Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer

Correspondence to:
Prof Aziz Sheikh
Usher Institute
The University of Edinburgh
Doorway 3, Old Medical School
Teviot Place
Edinburgh, EH8 9AG
Scotland, UK
ku.ca.de@hkiehs.ziza

With nationwide school closures currently operating in 191 countries, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has estimated that 1.6 billion (90.2%) students are currently out of primary, secondary and tertiary education (henceforth schools) as a result of the global COVID-19 lockdown [1]. These restrictions have been introduced to help maintain physical distancing and have contributed to the stabilising incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and resulting COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths now being witnessed in many parts of the world. These measures have the potential however – particularly if prolonged – to result in major detrimental effects on the health and well-being of children and adolescents. In the absence of a robust evidence base on lockdown exit strategies, we consider the range of options being taken globally to reopen schools with a view to informing the formulation of national plans.

It is now well recognized that children and young people can be asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 or develop COVID-19 [2]. Although COVID-19 tends to be less severe in children and adolescents, and thankfully relatively few students have died of the condition, a key policy concern has been that young people may be important community reservoirs for the transmission of the virus to household members. Emerging evidence however suggests that children are not super-spreaders of the virus and in fact may not be significantly contributing to spreading the virus [3–5]. A recent (unpublished) systematic review concluded that children and young people under 20 are 56% less likely to contract SARS-COV2 from infected individuals than adults this suggesting they may play a smaller part in transmission than originally thought [6]. It appears therefore that SARS-CoV-2 behaves differently in this respect from many other viral respiratory infections that are responsible for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and influenza. A recent systematic review on school closures, which drew primarily on the evidence base from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), concluded that around 2–4% of COVID-19 deaths could be prevented as a result of school closures [7].

Although an important public health intervention in the context of epidemics/pandemics, school closures can have adverse effects on children and adolescents in multiple ways [8]. Not only are they missing out on their education – with potential lifelong implications – children from deprived backgrounds are at increased risk of hunger from missing free school meals, domestic violence, and the poverty that ensues from parents being unable to work because of daytime caring responsibilities. These consequences are felt most by the most vulnerable members of society. The longer lockdowns continue, the greater the risks to the well-being of young people.

What then are the options for reopening schools? The key consideration is how to enable the safe return of as many learners and staff as possible whilst maintaining physical distancing. Table 1 summarises the approaches that are being employed internationally. We briefly consider these four broad approaches in turn.

Table 1

Strategies being adopted internationally to reopen schools after the COVID-19 lockdown

Strategy	Countries
Maintain closures indefinitely until a vaccine or treatment available	Current default position for most countries eg, Canada, Israel, Italy, Malta, Spain, UAE, many US states
Open completely	Some regions of Japan; Taiwan
Partial reopening:
By school-level (eg, primary schools)	Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Israel, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Vietnam; regions of China
Shifts	Vietnam
Outdoor schooling	Denmark
Hybrid physical and virtual school	New Zealand, Vietnam; regions of Russia

The first is to maintain school closures until a vaccine can be administered at sufficient levels to achieve herd immunity or a treatment is found. Optimistic estimates suggest that it will be at least 12-18 months before a vaccine is developed and deployed [9]. Given the substantial negative effects of school closures, it seems most unlikely that this will be a tenable strategy for most countries in the medium- to longer-term.

A second approach is to reopen schools completely once the effective reproduction number (Rt) is well below 1. Whilst this has the benefits of resuming normal schooling, it runs the risk of triggering further peaks in infection. The magnitude of this risk will become clearer as the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in young people becomes better understood. The approach being employed in Denmark whereby children are being taught outdoors and maintaining 2m physical distancing through for example the rearrangement of desks, in an attempt to reduce droplet and contact transmission, could potentially be replicated in a number of other countries [10].

Photo: Macau students return to school. By Macau Photo Agency via Unsplash.

The third strategy is to partially reopen schools such that there are fewer students at school at any one point in time thereby enabling physical distancing. This has been the most popular school lockdown exit strategy employed thus far with students typically attending for part of the week or in shifts.

Finally, a hybrid approach whereby in-person classes are live-streamed to those who for example need to be shielded because of underlying chronic disease or have the capacity to study from home. This is however clearly dependent both on having high speed Internet access and appropriate devices (personal computer, laptop or tablet) at home.

The final three options all need to be accompanied by developing surveillance capability and the ability to rapidly test, trace and isolate suspected COVID-19 cases and their contacts. These also requires capacity for regular deep cleaning of schools to minimise the risk of contact transmission.

It is clear that there are no easy answers. Whichever approach countries choose to take, it is crucial that there are carefully planned evaluations of the approaches employed to help develop a robust evidence base to guide decision making for this and future pandemics.

Footnotes

Funding: None.

Authorship contributions: AzS conceived this paper and commented critically on drafts of the manuscript. AsS, ZS & SD sourced the examples and jointly drafted the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

Competing interest: AzS is a member of the Scottish Government Chief Medical Officer’s COVID-19 Advisory Group. This work in no way represents the views of the Scottish Government. The authors have completed the ICMJE Uniform Conflict of Interest form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no further conflicts.

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REFERENCES

1. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. COVID-19 educational disruption and response. 2020. Available: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse. Accessed: 22 April 2020.

2. Sinha IP, Harwood R, Semple M, Hawcutt D, Thursfield R, Narayan O, et al. COVID-19 infection in children. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:446-7. 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30152-1 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

3. Munro APS, Faust SN.Children are not COVID-19 super-spreaders: time to go back to school. Arch Dis Child. 2020. May 5;archdischild-2020-319474. Online ahead of print. 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319474 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

4. O’Sullivan K.No evidence children are Covid-19 ‘super spreaders’, says Hiqa. Ir Times. 2020. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/no-evidence-children-are-covid-19-super-spreaders-says-hiqa-1.4252521. Accessed May 28, 2020. [Google Scholar]

5. Ludvigsson J. Children are unlikely to be the main drivers of the COVID-19 pandemic-a systematic review. Wiley Online Library 19 May 2020. Available: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/doi/abs/10.1111/apa.15371. Accessed: 28 May 2020. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

6. Viner R, Eggo R, et al. Children appear half as likely to catch COVID-19 as adults. UCL News 22 May 2020. Available: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2020/may/children-appear-half-likely-catch-covid-19-adults. Accessed: 28 May 2020.

7. Viner RM, Russell S, Croker H, Packer J, Ward J, Stansfield C, et al. School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including covid-19: a rapid narrative systematic review. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:397-404. 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

8. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Adverse effects of school closures, 2020. Available: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/consequences. Accessed: 22 April 2020.

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Articles from Journal of Global Health are provided here courtesy of International Society for Global Health

. 2020; 46: 79.

Published online 2020 Jun 9. doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00844-1

PMCID: PMC7280677

PMID: 32517815

COVID-19 and the re-opening of schools: a policy maker’s dilemma

Maria Pia Fantini,1 Chiara Reno, corresponding author

1 Giovanni Battista Biserni,2 Elena Savoia,3 and Marcello Lanari2

Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer

Associated Data

Data Availability Statement

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Main text

Italy was the first European country to implement a national lockdown to contain the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mitigate the impact of an inevitable surge of COVID-19 cases. After over 8 weeks of social distancing measures, the country is now shifting its strategy from mitigation to recovery, and other countries are watching how Italy will re-open and contain new clusters, with the hope of learning from its experience.

In children, the diagnosis of COVID-19 is complex due to lack of specificity of its symptoms (fever, fatigue, and dry cough), causing difficulties in the differential diagnosis with pediatric infectious diseases occurring in winter and spring seasons. Moreover, children are often unable to describe minor symptoms related to this new disease, for instance myalgia, headache, anosmia and ageusia, and cases can be easily missed. In fact, as observed in a series of 731 pediatric COVID-19 cases the cumulative incidence of patients with asymptomatic, mild or moderate disease was 97%, suggesting a milder presentation in children [1]. This finding is consistent with the results of a systematic review, which found that children at any age were mostly reported to have mild symptoms or were asymptomatic and that pediatric patients with COVID-19 had generally a good prognosis and recovered within 1 or 2 weeks after disease onset [2].

As the pandemic progresses, more data are becoming available on how different age segments of the population are susceptible to the infection. Considering recent data [3], we calculated the cumulative incidence in the three Italian regions most affected by the epidemic, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna and Veneto, that are 0.29, 0.34 and 0.34 per 1000 children 0–9 years old, respectively, lower compared to the rest of the population. These data are also consistent with reports from the Republic of Korea [4] where only 1% of the first 7755 laboratory-confirmed cases occurred in the 0–9 age group. Additionally, a testing of at risk individuals in Iceland through oro- and nasopharyngeal swabs showed that children under 10 years of age were less likely to test positive (6.7%) compared to other age groups, and that in the general population screening no child under 10 years of age resulted positive [5]. In the municipality of Vo’ (Veneto region, Italy), where the first Italian related COVID-19 death was registered, the entire population was tested twice for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 with nasopharyngeal swabs and no infections were detected in the 234 children aged 0–10, despite at least 13 of them were living with infected family members [6]. A recent investigation suggests that the spread of COVID-19 within New South Wales (Australia) schools has been very limited. In particular, on a total of initial six cases in five primary schools (one student and five staff), only one of 168 close contacts was identified as a secondary case. Moreover, the Australian report shows a small probability of infection among children and no evidence of children infecting teachers [7]. Otherwise, severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children under 2 years old have been reported in literature [1, 2] and recently, several cases of a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with a possible temporal association with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported even if further investigations are needed to confirm the association with SARS-CoV-2 [8].

In light of such data, a thoughtful consideration of the implications of school closure policies on children’s health is necessary. Children aged from 2 to 10 years old have an active social life at school which helps learning from peers and positively impacts the development of personality traits and sense of identity. Not only, disruptions of close peer relationships have been associated with depression, guilt, and anger in children. In addition, children experiencing isolation and quarantine have shown an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, grief, and adjustment disorder [9]. Parents are often the only care providers for children, which limits their work productivity, even when they are fortunate to have a job that allows them to work from home. In some cases, forced cohabitation in a home environment, with parents suffering from economic and mental health issues exposes children to the risk of uncovering violent behaviors. Regarding the educational aspects, during the lockdown, e-learning is not always a feasible alternative to face-to-face instruction for these aged children, particularly when acquiring hand-eye coordination for writing. E-learning could also amplify inequalities (digital divide). Therefore, the potential benefits of dismissing students aged 2 to 10 years old from schools to contain the spread of infection may be outweighed by the negative consequences of keeping them home.

The questions being asked are what could the conditions necessary for a safe opening of schools for children aged from 2 to 10 years be and secondly can school re-opening be considered as one of the policies to be implemented at an early stage in recovery efforts? [10]. As shown before, children aged from 2 to 10 years have a low rate of severe infection, a probably marginal role in spreading the disease, but at the same time they have a big toll to pay for school closure. It seems plausible that the re-opening of nursery and primary schools can be considered a policy to be implemented at an early stage of recovery efforts, but it is important to be able to guarantee safe conditions and an appropriate surveillance system. Safe measures for the re-opening of the schools may include the creation of fixed small groups of children, in order to balance the need to go to school and the need to maintain social distance, taking into account the available spaces and potentially considering the implementation of differentiated shifts to attend schools. Avoidance the sharing of materials, reallocation of common rooms and areas, together with ensuring frequent access to hand washing could also represent successful strategies that can be modulated according to the organisational capacity of the single institution. Measures such as ventilation of rooms and sanitization of environments are fundamental. Moreover, children could greatly benefit from time spent outdoors. In order to check the feasibility of this approach, in the first phase, partial class re-opening, coupled with e-learning could be provided. Teaching and school staff should be additionally trained to identify early signs of mental health issues related to quarantine and isolation. Concerning surveillance system, this should consist in proper information/education of teachers and parents, prompt identification of cases in the school environment, testing capacities, case tracing, isolation, and quarantine.

In Denmark, where the public health system showed the capacity to promptly identify and trace COVID-19 cases, the Government took the decision to send back to school children up to 11 years old on April 15, 2020. School activities have been properly designed in order to limit as much as possible any spread of the virus. After a month, the adopted measures (the creation of small groups of children for lessons and for playtime, frequent hand washing, student’s desks spaced 6 feet apart, and, whenever possible, classes held outside) seem to be effective. In Japan, schools have reopened following the proposal of the Government to give priority for some grades, including first- and sixth- grader at elementary schools. In particular, the decision on when and whether or not to reopen schools has been left to local municipalities based on the number of COVID-19 cases in the area. Guidelines for schools re-opening have been released by the Ministry of Health. The included measures range from checking temperature daily, to maintaining physical distance and wearing face masks. We do not have by now information about safety and effectiveness of school re-opening in Japan.

References

1. Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China. Pediatrics. 2020. 10.1542/peds.2020-0702.

2. Castagnoli R, Votto M, Licari A, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in children and adolescents – a systematic review. JAMA Pediatr Rev. 2020. 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1467. [PubMed]

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Here are some key points in the articles below:

•children experiencing isolation and quarantine have shown an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, grief, and adjustment disorder []

•2–4% of COVID-19 deaths could be prevented as a result of school closures [7].

•Although an important public health intervention in the context of epidemics/pandemics, school closures can have adverse effects on children and adolescents in multiple ways [8]. Not only are they missing out on their education – with potential lifelong implications – children from deprived backgrounds are at increased risk of hunger from missing free school meals, domestic violence, and the poverty that ensues from parents being unable to work because of daytime caring responsibilities. These consequences are felt most by the most vulnerable members of society. The longer lockdowns continue, the greater the risks to the well-being of young people.

•it will be at least 12-18 months before a vaccine is developed and deployed [9]

•Parents are often the only care providers for children, which limits their work productivity, even when they are fortunate to have a job that allows them to work from home. In some cases, forced cohabitation in a home environment, with parents suffering from economic and mental health issues exposes children to the risk of uncovering violent behaviors. Regarding the educational aspects, during the lockdown, e-learning is not always a feasible alternative to face-to-face instruction for these aged children, particularly when acquiring hand-eye coordination for writing. E-learning could also amplify inequalities (digital divide). Therefore, the potential benefits of dismissing students aged 2 to 10 years old from schools to contain the spread of infection may be outweighed by the negative consequences of keeping them home.

Aug 2, 2020: Pubmed search “Schools” and “COVID”

Reopening schools after the COVID-19 lockdown.

Sheikh A, Sheikh A, Sheikh Z, Dhami S.J Glob Health. 2020 Jun;10(1):010376. doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010376.PMID: 32612815 Free PMC article. Review. No abstract available.

COVID-19 and the re-opening of schools: a policy maker’s dilemma.

Fantini MP, Reno C, Biserni GB, Savoia E, Lanari M.Ital J Pediatr. 2020 Jun 9;46(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00844-1.PMID: 32517815 Free PMC article.

In order to counter this epidemic, several countries put in place different restrictive measures, such as the school‘s closure and a total lockdown. …Moreover, the lockdown and the school closure could have negative consequences on children, affecting their …

Children are not COVID-19 super spreaders: time to go back to school.

Munro APS, Faust SN.Arch Dis Child. 2020 Jul;105(7):618-619. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319474. Epub 2020 May 5.PMID: 32371442 Review. No abstract available.

COVID-19, school closures, and child poverty: a social crisis in the making.

Van Lancker W, Parolin Z.Lancet Public Health. 2020 May;5(5):e243-e244. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30084-0. Epub 2020 Apr 8.PMID: 32275858 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang F.Lancet. 2020 Mar 21;395(10228):945-947. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X. Epub 2020 Mar 4.PMID: 32145186 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey.

Zhong BL, Luo W, Li HM, Zhang QQ, Liu XG, Li WT, Li Y.Int J Biol Sci. 2020 Mar 15;16(10):1745-1752. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45221. eCollection 2020.PMID: 32226294 Free PMC article.

Unprecedented measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in China. People’s adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. …Health education …

COVID-19: its impact on dental schools in Italy, clinical problems in endodontic therapy and general considerations.

Prati C, Pelliccioni GA, Sambri V, Chersoni S, Gandolfi MG.Int Endod J. 2020 May;53(5):723-725. doi: 10.1111/iej.13291.PMID: 32277770 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States.

Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM.J Dent Educ. 2020 Jun;84(6):718-722. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12163. Epub 2020 Apr 27.PMID: 32342516 Review.

As oral health care providers, we have been trained on prevention of aerosol transmissible diseases, but we are still grappling with many unknown factors regarding COVID-19. …This article discusses the challenges that we face currently and offers some simple strategies t …

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China.

Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, Zheng J.Psychiatry Res. 2020 May;287:112934. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934. Epub 2020 Mar 20.PMID: 32229390 Free PMC article.

A COVID-19 epidemic has been spreading in China and other parts of the world since December 2019. The epidemic has brought not only the risk of death from infection but also unbearable psychological pressure. …Moreover, having relatives or acquaintances infected with …

Socioeconomic gradient in health and the covid-19 outbreak.

Chung RY, Dong D, Li MM.BMJ. 2020 Apr 1;369:m1329. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1329.PMID: 32238351 No abstract available.

The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for dental education.

Deery C.Evid Based Dent. 2020 Jun;21(2):46-47. doi: 10.1038/s41432-020-0089-3.PMID: 32591653 Free PMC article. Review.

Aim This narrative review aims to report on the impacts of COVID-19 on the provision of dental education in the 67 dental schools in the United States (US). …Finally, gaps have been identified in US dental schools preparedness for pandemics….

Point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19 – a narrative review.

Smith MJ, Hayward SA, Innes SM, Miller ASC.Anaesthesia. 2020 Aug;75(8):1096-1104. doi: 10.1111/anae.15082. Epub 2020 Apr 28.PMID: 32275766 Free PMC article. Review.

Ultrasound imaging of the lung and associated tissues may play an important role in the management of patients with COVID-19-associated lung injury. …By informing the initiation, escalation, titration and weaning of respiratory support, lung ultrasound can be integrated …

COVID-19 and medical education.

Ahmed H, Allaf M, Elghazaly H.Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Jul;20(7):777-778. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30226-7. Epub 2020 Mar 23.PMID: 32213335 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

COVID-19 (Coronavirus).

[No authors listed]Lymphat Res Biol. 2020 Apr;18(2):99-100. doi: 10.1089/lrb.2020.29084.cov. Epub 2020 Mar 20.PMID: 32196406

COVID-19 and Semen: An Unanswered Area of Research.

Kashi AH.Urol J. 2020 May 16;17(3):328. doi: 10.22037/uj.v0i0.6160.PMID: 32333379 Free article. No abstract available.

School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review.

Viner RM, Russell SJ, Croker H, Packer J, Ward J, Stansfield C, Mytton O, Bonell C, Booy R.Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 May;4(5):397-404. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X. Epub 2020 Apr 6.PMID: 32272089 Free PMC article.

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, 107 countries had implemented national school closures by March 18, 2020. …School closures were deployed rapidly across mainland China and Hong Kong for COVID-19. However, there are no …

COVID-19: the need for continuous medical education and training.

Li L, Xv Q, Yan J.Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):e23. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30125-9. Epub 2020 Mar 17.PMID: 32192586 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

The impact of COVID-19 on the undergraduate medical curriculum.

Sandhu P, de Wolf M.Med Educ Online. 2020 Dec;25(1):1764740. doi: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1764740.PMID: 32400298 Free PMC article.

The coronavirus pandemic has impacted medical education globally. As universities seek to deliver medical education through new methods of modalities, this continuing of education ensures the learning of the future workforce of the NHS. …

Feeding Low-Income Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Dunn CG, Kenney E, Fleischhacker SE, Bleich SN.N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):e40. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2005638. Epub 2020 Mar 30.PMID: 32227759 No abstract available.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Henan, China.

Zhang M, Zhou M, Tang F, Wang Y, Nie H, Zhang L, You G.J Hosp Infect. 2020 Jun;105(2):183-187. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.012. Epub 2020 Apr 9.PMID: 32278701 Free PMC article.

Of those surveyed, 89% of HCWs had sufficient knowledge of COVID-19, more than 85% feared self-infection with the virus, and 89.7% followed correct practices regarding COVID-19. …Measures must be taken to protect HCWs from risks linked to job category, work experi …

Orthopaedic Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Kogan M, Klein SE, Hannon CP, Nolte MT.J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020 Jun 1;28(11):e456-e464. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00292.PMID: 32282439 Free PMC article. Review.

The COVID-19 global pandemic presents a challenge to orthopaedic education. Around the world, including in the United States, elective surgeries are being deferred and orthopaedic residents and fellows are being asked to make drastic changes to their daily routines. …

Facemasks and the Covid 19 pandemic: What advice should health professionals be giving the general public about the wearing of facemasks?

Stone TE, Kunaviktikul W, Omura M, Petrini M.Nurs Health Sci. 2020 Jun;22(2):339-342. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12724.PMID: 32279450 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

What Should Gastroenterologists and Patients Know About COVID-19?

Ungaro RC, Sullivan T, Colombel JF, Patel G.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Jun;18(7):1409-1411. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.020. Epub 2020 Mar 18.PMID: 32197957 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Are dental schools adequately preparing dental students to face outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19?

Ghai S.J Dent Educ. 2020 Jun;84(6):631-633. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12174. Epub 2020 May 11.PMID: 32391578 Free PMC article.

The recent 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, also known as SARS-CoV-2) has caused >2,622,571 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in >185 countries, and >182,359 deaths globally. …Dental education can play an important role in the train …

Dead Body Management in Times of Covid-19 and its Potential Impact on the Availability of Cadavers for Medical Education in India.

Ravi KS.Anat Sci Educ. 2020 May;13(3):316-317. doi: 10.1002/ase.1962. Epub 2020 Apr 28.PMID: 32279462 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Preventing COVID-19 prejudice in academia.

Rzymski P, Nowicki M.Science. 2020 Mar 20;367(6484):1313. doi: 10.1126/science.abb4870.PMID: 32193314 No abstract available.

Clinical implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education.

Desai BK.J Dent Educ. 2020 May;84(5):512. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12162. Epub 2020 Apr 26.PMID: 32335909 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Children are unlikely to be the main drivers of the COVID-19 pandemic – A systematic review.

Ludvigsson JF.Acta Paediatr. 2020 Aug;109(8):1525-1530. doi: 10.1111/apa.15371. Epub 2020 Jun 17.PMID: 32430964 Free PMC article.

AIM: Many countries have closed schools and kindergartens to minimise COVID-19, but the role that children play in disease transmission is unclear. …Opening up schools and kindergartens is unlikely to impact COVID-19 mortality rates in older people.. …

Tabletop exercise to prepare institutions of higher education for an outbreak of COVID-19.

Wendelboe AM, Miller A, Drevets D, Salinas L, Miller EJ, Jackson D, Chou A, Raines J; Public Health Working Group.J Emerg Manag. 2020 Mar/Apr;18(2):S1-S20. doi: 10.5055/jem.2020.0464.PMID: 32181874

Challenges and Potential Solutions of Stroke Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak.

Zhao J, Rudd A, Liu R.Stroke. 2020 May;51(5):1356-1357. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029701. Epub 2020 Mar 31.PMID: 32228369 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem.

Paakkari L, Okan O.Lancet Public Health. 2020 May;5(5):e249-e250. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30086-4. Epub 2020 Apr 14.PMID: 32302535 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Misinformation of COVID-19 on the Internet: Infodemiology Study.

Cuan-Baltazar JY, Muñoz-Perez MJ, Robledo-Vega C, Pérez-Zepeda MF, Soto-Vega E.JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020 Apr 9;6(2):e18444. doi: 10.2196/18444.PMID: 32250960 Free PMC article.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and readability of online information about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was a trending topic on the internet, using validated instruments and relating the quality of information to its readability. …

How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know.

Asmundson GJG, Taylor S.J Anxiety Disord. 2020 Apr;71:102211. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102211. Epub 2020 Mar 10.PMID: 32179380 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Redefining vulnerability in the era of COVID-19.

The Lancet.Lancet. 2020 Apr 4;395(10230):1089. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30757-1.PMID: 32247378 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Tabletop exercise to prepare institutions of higher education for an outbreak of COVID-19.

Wendelboe AM, Miller A, Drevets D, Salinas L, Miller EJ, Jackson D, Chou A, Raines J; Public Health Working Group.J Emerg Manag. 2020 Mar/Apr;18(2):183-184. doi: 10.5055/jem.2020.0463.PMID: 32181873

Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19.

Lee J.Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Jun;4(6):421. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7. Epub 2020 Apr 14.PMID: 32302537 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Assessment of Health Information About COVID-19 Prevention on the Internet: Infodemiological Study.

Hernández-García I, Giménez-Júlvez T.JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020 Apr 1;6(2):e18717. doi: 10.2196/18717.PMID: 32217507 Free PMC article.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to investigate the information about the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the internet. METHODS: On February 29, 2020, we performed a Google search with the terms “Prevention coronavirus,” “Prevention COVID …

Are We Ready for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Arriving at Schools?

Choe YJ, Choi EH.J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Mar 23;35(11):e127. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e127.PMID: 32193906 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Virtual Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Disruptive Technology in Graduate Medical Education.

Almarzooq ZI, Lopes M, Kochar A.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 May 26;75(20):2635-2638. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.015. Epub 2020 Apr 15.PMID: 32304797 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

COVID-19 and Schools Closure: Implications for School Nurses.

Rosário R.J Sch Nurs. 2020 Aug;36(4):241-242. doi: 10.1177/1059840520925533. Epub 2020 May 14.PMID: 32406302 No abstract available.

Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences From Western China.

Hong Z, Li N, Li D, Li J, Li B, Xiong W, Lu L, Li W, Zhou D.J Med Internet Res. 2020 May 8;22(5):e19577. doi: 10.2196/19577.PMID: 32349962 Free PMC article.

As health care resources continue to be stretched due to the increasing burden of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, telemedicine, including tele-education, may be an effective way to rationally allocate medical resources. During the COVID-19 pandem …

Online learning in the time of COVID-19.

Chiodini J.Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Mar-Apr;34:101669. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101669. Epub 2020 Apr 11.PMID: 32289547 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

COVID-19: preparing for superspreader potential among Umrah pilgrims to Saudi Arabia.

Ebrahim SH, Memish ZA.Lancet. 2020 Mar 14;395(10227):e48. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30466-9. Epub 2020 Feb 27.PMID: 32113506 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Impact of COVID -19 on children: special focus on the psychosocial aspect.

Ghosh R, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, Dubey S.Minerva Pediatr. 2020 Jun;72(3):226-235. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4946.20.05887-9.PMID: 32613821 Free article. Review.

School closure, lack of outdoor activity, aberrant dietary and sleeping habits are likely to disrupt children’s usual lifestyle and can potentially promote monotony, distress, impatience, annoyance and varied neuropsychiatric manifestations. …To provide the basic …

Teaching in the time of COVID-19.

Ortiz PA.Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2020 May;48(3):201. doi: 10.1002/bmb.21348. Epub 2020 Apr 2.PMID: 32239800 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

National UK programme of community health workers for COVID-19 response.

Haines A, de Barros EF, Berlin A, Heymann DL, Harris MJ.Lancet. 2020 Apr 11;395(10231):1173-1175. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30735-2. Epub 2020 Mar 24.PMID: 32220277 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Blocking information on COVID-19 can fuel the spread of misinformation.

Larson HJ.Nature. 2020 Apr;580(7803):306. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-00920-w.PMID: 32231320 No abstract available.

[Health protection guideline of schools and other educational institutions during COVID-19 outbreak].

COVID-19 Emergency Response Key Places Protection and Disinfection Technology Team, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2020 Apr 6;54(4):348-350. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200217-00123.PMID: 32268638 Chinese.

This guideline stipulates the management requirements, on-site hygiene operation, personal protection and comprehensive security of schools and other educational institutions. It is applicable to the unified standard prevention and control of schools and othe …

Considering inequalities in the school closure response to COVID-19.

Armitage R, Nellums LB.Lancet Glob Health. 2020 May;8(5):e644. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30116-9. Epub 2020 Mar 26.PMID: 32222161 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Impact of school closures for COVID-19 on the US health-care workforce and net mortality: a modelling study.

Bayham J, Fenichel EP.Lancet Public Health. 2020 May;5(5):e271-e278. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30082-7. Epub 2020 Apr 3.PMID: 32251626 Free PMC article.

Some of the first actions taken by governments are the closing of schools. The evidence that mandatory school closures reduce the number of cases and, ultimately, mortality comes from experience with influenza or from models that do not include the effect of scho …

Five tips for moving teaching online as COVID-19 takes hold.

Gewin V.Nature. 2020 Apr;580(7802):295-296. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-00896-7.PMID: 32210377 No abstract available.

Safely conducting essential research in the face of COVID-19.

Gewin V.Nature. 2020 Apr;580(7804):549-550. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-01027-y.PMID: 32246121 No abstract available.

The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department.

Huang Z, Zhao S, Li Z, Chen W, Zhao L, Deng L, Song B.J Am Coll Radiol. 2020 Jun;17(6):710-716. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.011. Epub 2020 Mar 24.PMID: 32208140 Free PMC article.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the strategy and the emergency management and infection control procedure of our radiology department during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. …Those with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection were scanned in the designat …

First statement on preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic in large German Speaking University-based radiation oncology departments.

Combs SE, Belka C, Niyazi M, Corradini S, Pigorsch S, Wilkens J, Grosu AL, Guckenberger M, Ganswindt U, Bernhardt D.Radiat Oncol. 2020 Apr 7;15(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s13014-020-01527-1.PMID: 32264908 Free PMC article. Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging modern radiation oncology. At University Hospitals, we have a mandate to offer high-end treatments to all cancer patients. …Here, we report on our learning system and preparation measures to effectively tackle the COVID-19 chal …

Addressing collegiate mental health amid COVID-19 pandemic.

Zhai Y, Du X.Psychiatry Res. 2020 Jun;288:113003. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113003. Epub 2020 Apr 17.PMID: 32315885 Free PMC article.

College students encounter unique challenges leading to poor mental health in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak. Before the pandemic started, one in five college students experienced one or more diagnosable mental disorders worldwide. …This article provides recommendatio …

“What Were You Before the War?” Repurposing Psychiatry During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Nicol GE, Karp JF, Reiersen AM, Zorumski CF, Lenze EJ.J Clin Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 7;81(3):20com13373. doi: 10.4088/JCP.20com13373.PMID: 32271506 Free article. No abstract available.

Using Technology to Maintain the Education of Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Chick RC, Clifton GT, Peace KM, Propper BW, Hale DF, Alseidi AA, Vreeland TJ.J Surg Educ. 2020 Jul-Aug;77(4):729-732. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.03.018. Epub 2020 Apr 3.PMID: 32253133 Free PMC article.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique challenge to surgical residency programs. Due to the restrictions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other organizations, the educational landscape for surgical residents is rapidly c …

Fear of COVID-19 Scale-Associations of Its Scores with Health Literacy and Health-Related Behaviors among Medical Students.

Nguyen HT, Do BN, Pham KM, Kim GB, Dam HTB, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TTP, Nguyen YH, Sørensen K, Pleasant A, Duong TV.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 11;17(11):4164. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114164.PMID: 32545240 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causes fear, as its immediate consequences for the public have produced unprecedented challenges for the education and healthcare systems. …The results showed that seven items of the FCoV-19S strongly loaded on one …

Changes in contact patterns shape the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.

Zhang J, Litvinova M, Liang Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhao S, Wu Q, Merler S, Viboud C, Vespignani A, Ajelli M, Yu H.Science. 2020 Jun 26;368(6498):1481-1486. doi: 10.1126/science.abb8001. Epub 2020 Apr 29.PMID: 32350060 Free PMC article.

Based on these data, we built a transmission model to study the impact of social distancing and school closure on transmission. We find that social distancing alone, as implemented in China during the outbreak, is sufficient to control COVID-19. Although proactive …

Impact in the Fight Against COVID-19.

Kerschner JE.WMJ. 2020 Mar;119(1):69-70.PMID: 32348077 Free article. No abstract available.

No evidence of secondary transmission of COVID-19 from children attending school in Ireland, 2020.

Heavey L, Casey G, Kelly C, Kelly D, McDarby G.Euro Surveill. 2020 May;25(21):2000903. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.21.2000903.PMID: 32489179 Free PMC article.

As many countries begin to lift some of the restrictions to contain COVID-19 spread, lack of evidence of transmission in the school setting remains. We examined Irish notifications of SARS-CoV2 in the school setting before school closures on 12 March 2 …

How I faced my coronavirus anxiety.

Liu K.Science. 2020 Mar 20;367(6484):1398. doi: 10.1126/science.367.6484.1398.PMID: 32193330 No abstract available.

Covid-19: Push to reopen schools risks new wave of infections, says Independent SAGE.

Wise J.BMJ. 2020 May 28;369:m2161. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m2161.PMID: 32467094 No abstract available.

Medical and Surgical Education Challenges and Innovations in the COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review.

Dedeilia A, Sotiropoulos MG, Hanrahan JG, Janga D, Dedeilias P, Sideris M.In Vivo. 2020 Jun;34(3 Suppl):1603-1611. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11950.PMID: 32503818

The aim of this systematic review was to identify the challenges imposed on medical and surgical education by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the proposed innovations enabling the continuation of medical student and resident training. …Furthermore, trainee’s men …

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Current Anatomy Education and Future Careers: A Student’s Perspective.

Franchi T.Anat Sci Educ. 2020 May;13(3):312-315. doi: 10.1002/ase.1966. Epub 2020 May 5.PMID: 32301588 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Our education, our concerns: The impact on medical student education of COVID-19.

Theoret C, Ming X.Med Educ. 2020 Jul;54(7):591-592. doi: 10.1111/medu.14181. Epub 2020 May 23.PMID: 32310318 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Response to COVID-19.

Wright RW, Armstrong AD, Azar FM, Bednar MS, Carpenter JE, Evans JB, Flynn JM, Garvin KL, Jacobs JJ, Kang JD, Lundy DW, Mencio GA, Murray PM, Nelson CL, Peabody T, Porter SE, Roberson JR, Saltzman CL, Sebastianelli WJ, Taitsman LA, Van Heest AE, Martin DF.J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020 Jun 1;28(11):e465-e468. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00392.PMID: 32324709 Free PMC article. Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted every aspect of society in a way never previously experienced by our nation’s orthopaedic surgeons. …

Coalition for medical education-A call to action: A proposition to adapt clinical medical education to meet the needs of students and other healthcare learners during COVID-19.

Newman NA, Lattouf OM.J Card Surg. 2020 Jun;35(6):1174-1175. doi: 10.1111/jocs.14590. Epub 2020 Apr 30.PMID: 32353907 Free PMC article.

This piece, prepared by both a medical student and a cardiothoracic surgeon with a long career in academic medicine, discusses the recent history of medical education and how it has led to issues now with distance-based learning due to COVID-19. It concludes with a …

Going Virtual to Support Anatomy Education: A STOPGAP in the Midst of the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Evans DJR, Bay BH, Wilson TD, Smith CF, Lachman N, Pawlina W.Anat Sci Educ. 2020 May;13(3):279-283. doi: 10.1002/ase.1963. Epub 2020 May 5.PMID: 32277598 No abstract available.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Radiology Trainees.

Alvin MD, George E, Deng F, Warhadpande S, Lee SI.Radiology. 2020 Aug;296(2):246-248. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020201222. Epub 2020 Mar 27.PMID: 32216719 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Covid-19 has changed how we teach students.

Bowen M.Vet Rec. 2020 Apr 18;186(14):461. doi: 10.1136/vr.m1535.PMID: 32299993 No abstract available.

The Psychological Impacts of a COVID-19 Outbreak on College Students in China: A Longitudinal Study.

Li HY, Cao H, Leung DYP, Mak YW.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 2;17(11):3933. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113933.PMID: 32498267 Free PMC article.

An outbreak in Wuhan, China in late 2019 of a highly infectious new coronary pneumonia (COVID-19) led to the imposition of countrywide confinement measures from January to March 2020. This is a longitudinal study on changes in the mental health status of a college p …

[COVID-19 pandemic: structured expansion of ventilation capacities using home respirators].

Summ O, Schute J, Byhahn C, Kahle T, Herrmann M, Schulte C, Bergold MN, Groß M.Anaesthesist. 2020 May;69(5):323-330. doi: 10.1007/s00101-020-00780-z.PMID: 32350543 Free PMC article. Review. German.

Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic there is a need for a rapid increase in intensive care and ventilation capacities. Delivery times for additional intensive care respirators are currently not foreseeable. An option to increase ventilation capacities not only for COVI …

Residency and Fellowship Program Accreditation: Effects of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic.

Potts JR 3rd.J Am Coll Surg. 2020 Jun;230(6):1094-1097. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.03.026. Epub 2020 Apr 3.PMID: 32251848 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Child protection in the time of COVID-19.

S S Teo S, Griffiths G.J Paediatr Child Health. 2020 Jun;56(6):838-840. doi: 10.1111/jpc.14916. Epub 2020 May 29.PMID: 32468616 Free PMC article.

As the number of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 rises exponentially in Australia with consequences for the health system and society at large, we need to remember that during this pandemic that necessary social distancing measur …

Peer mentoring for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic via a social media platform.

Rastegar Kazerooni A, Amini M, Tabari P, Moosavi M.Med Educ. 2020 Aug;54(8):762-763. doi: 10.1111/medu.14206. Epub 2020 Jun 29.PMID: 32353893 Free PMC article.

In others, medical students are experiencing an unintended pause in their education due to global university closure over COVID‐19 concerns. …Therefore, it is important that medical schools not only care about students’ mental health but also implement strategies …

Perspective of Medical Students on the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey of Nine Medical Schools in Uganda.

Olum R, Kajjimu J, Kanyike AM, Chekwech G, Wekha G, Nassozi DR, Kemigisa J, Mulyamboga P, Muhoozi OK, Nsenga L, Lyavala M, Asiimwe A, Bongomin F.JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020 Jun 19;6(2):e19847. doi: 10.2196/19847.PMID: 32530815 Free article.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of medical students in Uganda on the COVID-19 pandemic. …Medical students in 9 of the 10 medical schools in Uganda were approached through convenience sampling. Bloom’s …

Waiting for COVID-19.

Francis TJ.J Paediatr Child Health. 2020 May;56(5):667-668. doi: 10.1111/jpc.14891. Epub 2020 Apr 15.PMID: 32291858 Free PMC article.

I wrote this as a narrative piece for school, but it is a very honest description of how I’m feeling at this time. I just wanted to reassure people that I am ok. For anyone else who is feeling the same as I am, it’s ok. I think it is good for us to be honest about h …

[Medical management and prevention instruction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic].

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Group of Chinese Thoracic Society; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Committee of Chinese Association of Chest Physician.Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 May 12;43(5):421-426. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200227-00201.PMID: 32153171 Chinese.

Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was of clustering onset in China and challenging the Chinese healthcare system. …Once infected with COVID-19, it would be life-threatening for the COPD patients. Therefore, during the epidemic, it was of vital signifi …

Hand Hygiene, Mask-Wearing Behaviors and Its Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-Sectional Study among Primary School Students in Wuhan, China.

Chen X, Ran L, Liu Q, Hu Q, Du X, Tan X.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 22;17(8):2893. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082893.PMID: 32331344 Free PMC article.

A descriptive statistic was used to make sense of the status of hand hygiene and mask-wearing among primary school students in Wuhan, China. …Gender, grade, out-going history, father’s occupation, mother’s educational background, and the time …

Virtual Interviews in the Era of COVID-19: A Primer for Applicants.

Jones RE, Abdelfattah KR.J Surg Educ. 2020 Jul-Aug;77(4):733-734. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.03.020. Epub 2020 Apr 9.PMID: 32278546 Free PMC article. Review.

PROBLEM: The COVID-19 pandemic is an evolving crisis with widespread impact upon our medical system, including senior trainee travel for fellowship interviews. …

Chinese Public’s Attention to the COVID-19 Epidemic on Social Media: Observational Descriptive Study.

Zhao Y, Cheng S, Yu X, Xu H.J Med Internet Res. 2020 May 4;22(5):e18825. doi: 10.2196/18825.PMID: 32314976 Free PMC article.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate and analyze the public’s attention to events related to COVID-19 in China at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic (December 31, 2019, to February 20, 2020) through the Sina Microblog hot search list. …First, we an …

Preventive Behaviors Conveyed on YouTube to Mitigate Transmission of COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Study.

Basch CH, Hillyer GC, Meleo-Erwin ZC, Jaime C, Mohlman J, Basch CE.JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020 Apr 2;6(2):e18807. doi: 10.2196/18807.PMID: 32240096 Free PMC article.

BACKGROUND: Accurate information and guidance about personal behaviors that can reduce exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are among the most important elements in mitigating the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). …OBJECTIVE: At the ti …

YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19: a pandemic of misinformation?

Li HO, Bailey A, Huynh D, Chan J.BMJ Glob Health. 2020 May;5(5):e002604. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002604.PMID: 32409327 Free PMC article.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic is this century’s largest public health emergency and its successful management relies on the effective dissemination of factual information. …This may play a significant role in successfully managing the COVID-19 pandemi …

Idle medical students review emerging COVID-19 research.

Boodman C, Lee S, Bullard J.Med Educ Online. 2020 Dec;25(1):1770562. doi: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1770562.PMID: 32441229

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is causing wide-spread interruptions in medical education. With little warning, clinical rotations were cancelled and medical students were sent home. …Here, we describe an education program that integrates medica …

Infection prevention guidelines and considerations for paediatric risk groups when reopening primary schools during COVID-19 pandemic, Norway, April 2020.

Johansen TB, Astrup E, Jore S, Nilssen H, Dahlberg BB, Klingenberg C, Berg AS, Greve-Isdahl M.Euro Surveill. 2020 Jun;25(22):2000921. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.22.2000921.PMID: 32524956 Free PMC article.

In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, most countries implemented school closures. In Norway, schools closed on 13 March 2020. …We here present infection prevention and control guidelines for primary schools and recommendations f …

Let COVID-19 expand awareness of disability tech.

Shew A.Nature. 2020 May;581(7806):9. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-01312-w.PMID: 32372043 No abstract available.

Medical Students’ Perceptions and an Anatomy Teacher’s Personal Experience Using an e-Learning Platform for Tutorials During the Covid-19 Crisis.

Srinivasan DK.Anat Sci Educ. 2020 May;13(3):318-319. doi: 10.1002/ase.1970. Epub 2020 May 13.PMID: 32374937 No abstract available.

Information Overload and Infodemic in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Rathore FA, Farooq F.J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 May;70(Suppl 3)(5):S162-S165. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.38.PMID: 32515403 Review.

The world has experienced pandemics worse than the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which resulted in great loss of life and economy. …However, information overload during the current COVID-19 pandemic has posed a set of challenges not encountered before. There is a …

Addressing General Surgery Residents’ Concerns in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

He K, Stolarski A, Whang E, Kristo G.J Surg Educ. 2020 Jul-Aug;77(4):735-738. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.04.003. Epub 2020 Apr 17.PMID: 32354684 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.

RESULTS: The most commonly reported personal concern related to the COVID-19 outbreak was the health of their family (30 of 30 [100%]), followed by the risk of their transmitting COVID-19 infection to their family members (24 of 30 [80%]); risk of their transmitting …

Sustainable health promotion for the seniors during COVID-19 outbreak: a lesson from Tokyo.

Aung MN, Yuasa M, Koyanagi Y, Aung TNN, Moolphate S, Matsumoto H, Yoshioka T.J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020 Apr 30;14(4):328-331. doi: 10.3855/jidc.12684.PMID: 32379708 Free article.

The COVID-19 pandemic is novel corona virus infection outbreak that has gone global in 2020. Current prevention policies consist of hand hygiene and social distancing. …Having more than a quarter of its population being elderly, Japan is at high risk for COVID-19 …

Attitudes of Anesthesiology Specialists and Residents toward Patients Infected with the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A National Survey Study.

Dost B, Koksal E, Terzi Ö, Bilgin S, Ustun YB, Arslan HN.Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2020 May;21(4):350-356. doi: 10.1089/sur.2020.097. Epub 2020 Apr 6.PMID: 32275463

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of anesthesiology specialists and residents in Turkey about COVID-19 and their attitudes toward the strategies and application methods t …

Managing New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities.

Garg SK, Rodbard D, Hirsch IB, Forlenza GP.Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020 Jun;22(6):431-439. doi: 10.1089/dia.2020.0161. Epub 2020 Apr 17.PMID: 32302499

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic provides an incentive to expand considerably the use of telemedicine for high-risk patients with diabetes, and especially for the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). …Methods: Two case reports are presented where telemedicine wa …

Education in the time of COVID-19.

Bloom DA, Reid JR, Cassady CI.Pediatr Radiol. 2020 Jul;50(8):1055-1058. doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04728-8. Epub 2020 May 28.PMID: 32468286 No abstract available.

Forced Disruption of Anatomy Education in Australia and New Zealand: An Acute Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Pather N, Blyth P, Chapman JA, Dayal MR, Flack NAMS, Fogg QA, Green RA, Hulme AK, Johnson IP, Meyer AJ, Morley JW, Shortland PJ, Štrkalj G, Štrkalj M, Valter K, Webb AL, Woodley SJ, Lazarus MD.Anat Sci Educ. 2020 May;13(3):284-300. doi: 10.1002/ase.1968. Epub 2020 May 10.PMID: 32306555 Free PMC article.

The subsequent Covid-19 pandemic imposed unexpected disruptions to anatomical educational practice. Rapid change occurred due to government-imposed physical distancing regulations from March 2020 that increasingly restricted anatomy laboratory teaching practices. .. …

[Emotions, concerns and reflections regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina].

Johnson MC, Saletti-Cuesta L, Tumas N.Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Jun;25(suppl 1):2447-2456. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10472020. Epub 2020 Apr 24.PMID: 32520288 Free article. Spanish.

Open-ended questions were included to study people’s feelings about COVID-19, and content analysis was subsequently conducted. …The results obtained show that the impact on mental health differs in accordance with gender, educational level, and perceived co …

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention: Virtual classroom education for hand hygiene.

Ng YM, Or PLP.Nurse Educ Pract. 2020 May;45:102782. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102782. Epub 2020 Apr 8.PMID: 32388117 Free PMC article.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has spread rapidly in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and the Americas. Considering the recent outbreak of COVID-19, some precautionary measures have been announced, including campus class suspensions. …This editorial proposes a 3-ste …

Creating a Palliative Care Inpatient Response Plan for COVID-19-The UW Medicine Experience.

Fausto J, Hirano L, Lam D, Mehta A, Mills B, Owens D, Perry E, Curtis JR.J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020 Jul;60(1):e21-e26. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.03.025. Epub 2020 Mar 31.PMID: 32240754 Free PMC article.

The Seattle area and UW Medicine have been on the forefront of the pandemic in the U.S. METHODS: UW Medicine developed a strategy to implement a palliative care response for a multihospital health care system that incorporates conventional capacity, contingency capacity, a …

Otolaryngology Residency Application during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.

Quesada PR, Solis RN, Diaz RC, Kraft SM.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 Jul;163(1):89-90. doi: 10.1177/0194599820925037. Epub 2020 May 5.PMID: 32366198 Review.

The escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected health care at every level, including medical education. As some fourth-year medical students graduate early to join the front lines, we must now turn our attention to those trainees in their penultimate year. …

100

Medical education during pandemics: a UK perspective.

Mian A, Khan S.BMC Med. 2020 Apr 9;18(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01577-y.PMID: 32268900 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

101

Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Longhurst GJ, Stone DM, Dulohery K, Scully D, Campbell T, Smith CF.Anat Sci Educ. 2020 May;13(3):301-311. doi: 10.1002/ase.1967. Epub 2020 May 9.PMID: 32306550 Free PMC article.

The Covid-19 pandemic has driven the fastest changes to higher education across the globe, necessitated by social distancing measures preventing face-to-face teaching. This has led to an almost immediate switch to distance learning by higher education institu …

102

COVID-19: how prepared are front-line healthcare workers in England?

Prescott K, Baxter E, Lynch C, Jassal S, Bashir A, Gray J.J Hosp Infect. 2020 Jun;105(2):142-145. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.031. Epub 2020 Apr 24.PMID: 32339615 Free PMC article.

National efforts are underway to prepare the UK National Health Service (NHS) for the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the efficacy of these interventions is unknown. …The survey found that there has been moderate success in readying HCWs to manage COVID-19, but that m …

103

Cleveland Clinic Akron General Urology Residency Program’s COVID-19 Experience.

Vargo E, Ali M, Henry F, Kmetz D, Drevna D, Krishnan J, Bologna R.Urology. 2020 Jun;140:1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.001. Epub 2020 Apr 2.PMID: 32247725 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

104

Development of clinical care guidelines for faculty and residents in the era of COVID-19.

Park JS, El-Sayed IH, Young VN, Pletcher SD.Head Neck. 2020 Jul;42(7):1403-1408. doi: 10.1002/hed.26225. Epub 2020 May 6.PMID: 32348581 Free PMC article. Review.

BACKGROUND: The global COVID-19 pandemic brings new challenges to otolaryngology resident education. Surgical volume and clinic visits are curtailed, personal protective equipment for operating room participation is restricted, and the risk of COVID-19 diseas …

105

Otolaryngology Education in the Setting of COVID-19: Current and Future Implications.

Comer BT, Gupta N, Mowry SE, Malekzadeh S.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 Jul;163(1):70-74. doi: 10.1177/0194599820923621. Epub 2020 Apr 28.PMID: 32340539 Review.

As a result of COVID-19 recommendations, multiple institutions have overhauled resident clinical rotations and resident education. The result has been a rapid and significant change in resident education at most academic institutions. This commentary outlines …

106

Blended learning via distance in pre-registration nursing education: A scoping review.

Jowsey T, Foster G, Cooper-Ioelu P, Jacobs S.Nurse Educ Pract. 2020 Mar;44:102775. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102775. Epub 2020 Mar 25.PMID: 32247200 Free PMC article. Review.

Prior to the Covid-19 global pandemic, we reviewed literature and identified comprehensive evidence of the efficacy of blended learning for pre-registration nursing students who learn across distances and/or via satellite campuses. …Further research is needed about satel …

107

Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students.

Tang W, Hu T, Hu B, Jin C, Wang G, Xie C, Chen S, Xu J.J Affect Disord. 2020 Sep 1;274:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.009. Epub 2020 May 13.PMID: 32405111 Free PMC article.

BACKGROUND: When COVID-19 emerged in China in late 2019, most citizens were home-quarantined to prevent the spread of the virus. …CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 could be serious. Psychological interventions t …

108

Covid-19 in the State of Ceará: behaviors and beliefs in the arrival of the pandemic.

Lima DLF, Dias AA, Rabelo RS, Cruz IDD, Costa SC, Nigri FMN, Neri JR.Cien Saude Colet. 2020 May;25(5):1575-1586. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232020255.07192020. Epub 2020 May 8.PMID: 32402018 Free article. English, Portuguese.

Participants with elementary school education had a lower risk of infection than participants with a higher level of education (p < 0.001). …We can conclude that the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic varies by social aspects, such as gender, age,

…

109

COVID-19: consequences for higher education.

Burki TK.Lancet Oncol. 2020 Jun;21(6):758. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30287-4. Epub 2020 May 21.PMID: 32446322 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

110

Virtual Multiple Mini-Interview during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Ungtrakul T, Lamlertthon W, Boonchoo B, Auewarakul C.Med Educ. 2020 Aug;54(8):764-765. doi: 10.1111/medu.14207. Epub 2020 Jun 26.PMID: 32365236 No abstract available.

111

Covid-19: how to use your time when clinical placements are postponed.

Henry JA, Black S, Gowell M, Morris E; general practitioner.BMJ. 2020 May 4;369:m1489. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1489.PMID: 32366500 No abstract available.

112

Medical Education in Turkey in Time of COVID-19.

Tokuç B, Varol G.Balkan Med J. 2020 Jun 1;37(4):180-181. doi: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2020.4.003. Epub 2020 May 4.PMID: 32364692 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

113

The Impact of COVID-19 Through the Eyes of a Fourth-Year Pharmacy Student.

Stone JK, Pate AN.Am J Pharm Educ. 2020 Jun;84(6):ajpe8146. doi: 10.5688/ajpe8146.PMID: 32665721 Free PMC article.

Additionally, COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of continued advocacy for the profession and articulation of the pharmacist’s expanded role and value to the health care team, and inspired the class of 2020 to join the ranks of colleagues nationwide in raising …

114

COVID-19 Pandemic. New challenge for hospital pharmacy services.

Bermejo-Vicedo T, Queralt Gorgas M.Farm Hosp. 2020 Jun 12;44(7):3-4. doi: 10.7399/fh.11511.PMID: 32533660 Free article. English. No abstract available.

115

Stepping Forward: Urologists’ Efforts During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Singapore.

Chan MC, Yeo SEK, Chong YL, Lee YM.Eur Urol. 2020 Jul;78(1):e38-e39. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.004. Epub 2020 Mar 17.PMID: 32192816 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

116

[Nursing Education Strategies During the COVID-19 Epidemic].

Hsieh HY, Hsu YY, Ko NY, Yen M.Hu Li Za Zhi. 2020 Jun;67(3):96-101. doi: 10.6224/JN.202006_67(3).13.PMID: 32495335 Chinese.

All schools nationwide have complied with the Ministry of Education order to postpone the opening of the fall semester in response to the rapid evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. …Examining the precautions taken at campuses and teaching strategies adopted …

117

Adapting Urology Residency Training in the COVID-19 Era.

Kwon YS, Tabakin AL, Patel HV, Backstrand JR, Jang TL, Kim IY, Singer EA.Urology. 2020 Jul;141:15-19. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.065. Epub 2020 Apr 24.PMID: 32339555 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

118

Slowdown of urology residents’ learning curve during the COVID-19 emergency.

Porpiglia F, Checcucci E, Amparore D, Verri P, Campi R, Claps F, Esperto F, Fiori C, Carrieri G, Ficarra V, Mario Scarpa R, Dasgupta P.BJU Int. 2020 Jun;125(6):E15-E17. doi: 10.1111/bju.15076. Epub 2020 Apr 28.PMID: 32274879 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

119

Impact Of Sars-Cov-2 And Its Reverberation In Global Higher Education And Mental Health.

Araújo FJO, de Lima LSA, Cidade PIM, Nobre CB, Neto MLR.Psychiatry Res. 2020 Jun;288:112977. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112977. Epub 2020 Apr 12.PMID: 32302818 Free PMC article.

BACKGROUND: According to UNESCO’s monitoring, more than 160 countries implemented nationwide closures, which impacted over 87% of the world’s student population. Several other countries implemented localized school closures; should these closures become natio …

120

Acute At Home Management of Anaphylaxis During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Casale TB, Wang J, Nowak-Wegrzyn A.J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Jun;8(6):1795-1797. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.022. Epub 2020 Apr 18.PMID: 32315792 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

121

The impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on ophthalmology training programs in India – Outcomes of a survey.

Mishra D, Nair AG, Gandhi RA, Gogate PJ, Mathur S, Bhushan P, Srivastav T, Singh H, Sinha BP, Singh MK.Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 Jun;68(6):999-1004. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1067_20.PMID: 32461413 Free article.

About 24.6% (176/716) of the trainees had been deployed on ‘COVID-19 screening’ duties. Nearly 80.7% (578/716) of the trainees felt that the COVID-19 lockdown had negatively impacted their surgical training. …CONCLUSION: Our survey showed that majority ophthalmolo …

122

What can we do for part-time nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Choi EPH, Ho M, Smith R.Med Educ. 2020 Jul;54(7):667-668. doi: 10.1111/medu.14196. Epub 2020 May 27.PMID: 32337739 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

123

Maps, masks and media – Traveller and practitioner resources for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) acute respiratory virus.

Chiodini J.Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jan-Feb;33:101574. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101574. Epub 2020 Feb 7.PMID: 32044387 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

124

Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Gastroenterology Fellow Training in North America.

Mallon D, Pohl JF, Phatak UP, Fernandes M, Rosen JM, Lusman SS, Nylund CM, Jump CS, Solomon AB, Srinath A, Singer A, Harb R, Rodriguez-Baez N, Whitfield Van Buren KL, Koyfman S, Bhatt R, Soler-Rodriguez DM, Sivagnanam M, Lee CK; NASPGHAN Training Committee COVID-19 Survey Working Group.J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020 Jul;71(1):6-11. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002768.PMID: 32369320 Free PMC article.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed healthcare systems and training around the world. The Training Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition sought to understand how COVID-19 has affected p …

125

Insights on Otolaryngology Residency Training during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Crosby DL, Sharma A.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 Jul;163(1):38-41. doi: 10.1177/0194599820922502. Epub 2020 Apr 21.PMID: 32312158

It is important that we closely monitor the impact of this pandemic on resident education and ensure the implementation of alternative learning strategies while maintaining an emphasis on safety and well-being….

126

[How do children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak?].

Bobo E, Lin L, Acquaviva E, Caci H, Franc N, Gamon L, Picot MC, Pupier F, Speranza M, Falissard B, Purper-Ouakil D.Encephale. 2020 Jun;46(3S):S85-S92. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.011. Epub 2020 Jun 7.PMID: 32522407 Free PMC article. French.

OBJECTIVES: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the French government has decided a general lockdown. This unprecedented situation has raised concerns about children’s and adolescent’s mental health. …As regards everyday life during lock-down, at-home schoolin …

127

Promoting healthy movement behaviours among children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Guan H, Okely AD, Aguilar-Farias N, Del Pozo Cruz B, Draper CE, El Hamdouchi A, Florindo AA, Jáuregui A, Katzmarzyk PT, Kontsevaya A, Löf M, Park W, Reilly JJ, Sharma D, Tremblay MS, Veldman SLC.Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Jun;4(6):416-418. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30131-0. Epub 2020 Apr 29.PMID: 32458805 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

128

The Impact of COVID-19 on European Health Care and Urology Trainees.

Pang KH, Carrion DM, Rivas JG, Mantica G, Mattigk A, Pradere B, Esperto F; European Society of Residents in Urology.Eur Urol. 2020 Jul;78(1):6-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.042. Epub 2020 Apr 27.PMID: 32376133 Free PMC article.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had rapid and inevitable effects on health care systems and the training and work plans of urology residents. …

129

Crushing the curve, the role of national and international institutions and policy makers in COVID-19 pandemic.

Koçak Tufan Z, Kayaaslan B.Turk J Med Sci. 2020 Apr 21;50(SI-1):495-508. doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-167.PMID: 32299201 Free PMC article. Review.

This paper will review the immediate response of different national and international institutions and authorities to COVID-19 pandemic….

130

Adults at high-risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) in Brazil.

Rezende LFM, Thome B, Schveitzer MC, Souza-Júnior PRB, Szwarcwald CL.Rev Saude Publica. 2020;54:50. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002596. Epub 2020 May 20.PMID: 32491091 Free PMC article.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportion and total number of the general adult population who may be at higher risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil. …We estimated the proportion and number of adults (≥ 18 years) at risk of severe Covid-19 by sex, educational level …

131

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: Adaptations in medical education.

Alsafi Z, Abbas AR, Hassan A, Ali MA.Int J Surg. 2020 Jun;78:64-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.03.083. Epub 2020 Apr 15.PMID: 32304892 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

132

The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic: reflections on the roles of librarians and information professionals.

Ali MY, Gatiti P.Health Info Libr J. 2020 Jun;37(2):158-162. doi: 10.1111/hir.12307. Epub 2020 Apr 25.PMID: 32251543

COVID-19 has spread rapidly all over the world. All major cities around the globe are in lockdown. In Pakistan, the first case was diagnosed on 26 February 2020, and currently, there are more than 2039 diagnosed cases and 26 deaths as on 31 March 2020. …Pakistani univers …

133

Evolution of COVID-19 Guidelines for University of Washington Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patient Care.

Panesar K, Dodson T, Lynch J, Bryson-Cahn C, Chew L, Dillon J.J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020 Jul;78(7):1136-1146. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.04.034. Epub 2020 Apr 28.PMID: 32389541 Free PMC article.

The State of Washington had the first reported case and death related to COVID-19 in the United States. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons have a unique risk of exposure to SC2 and developing COVID-19 because of our proximity of working in and around the oropharynx and …

134

COVID-19: Avoiding a second tragedy in a tuberculosis burdened country.

Yadav SR, Kumar R, Gupta N, Ish P, Chakrabarti S, Kumar A.Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2020 May 21;90(2). doi: 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1338.PMID: 32447950 Free article.

To the Editor Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first notified in December 2019 from Wuhan, China. Now, it has spread rapidly and has been declared a pandemic affecting over 200 countries with widespread morbidity and mortality. …

135

Medical students for health-care staff shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Rasmussen S, Sperling P, Poulsen MS, Emmersen J, Andersen S.Lancet. 2020 May 2;395(10234):e79-e80. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30923-5. Epub 2020 Apr 23.PMID: 32334649 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

136

Racism In My Medical Education.

Ko M.Health Aff (Millwood). 2020 Jun;39(6):1087-1091. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00743.PMID: 32479239 Review.

An Asian American physician calls for more diversity and a commitment to health equity in US medical schools….

137

COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on dental education: discussing current and future perspectives.

Machado RA, Bonan PRF, Perez DEDC, Martelli JÚnior H.Braz Oral Res. 2020 Jun 29;34:e083. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0083. eCollection 2020.PMID: 32609144 Free article. Review.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, many dental schools and instructors are rethinking the way they teach and interact with students. …

138

Do Not Neglect the Children: Considerations for COVID-19 Pandemic.

Naseri A, Hosseini MS.Indian Pediatr. 2020 Jun 15;57(6):583-584. doi: 10.1007/s13312-020-1868-9. Epub 2020 Apr 26.PMID: 32336686 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

139

Psychological impact of COVID-19 on ophthalmologists-in-training and practising ophthalmologists in India.

Khanna RC, Honavar SG, Metla AL, Bhattacharya A, Maulik PK.Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 Jun;68(6):994-998. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1458_20.PMID: 32461412 Free article.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the psychological impact of the COVID 19 crisis on ophthalmologists-in-training and practising ophthalmologists during lockdown in India. …The information collected included demographics (age, gender), domicile (state, union territory), current profe …

140

Rzymski P, Nowicki M.J Infect Public Health. 2020 Jun;13(6):873-876. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.04.013. Epub 2020 May 3.PMID: 32387102 Free PMC article.

As demonstrated, the COVID-19 outbreak had triggered xenophobic reactions toward students of Asian-origin (n=85) before the first SARS-CoV-2 case was confirmed in Poland. Facing prejudice, including discrimination related to COVID-19, may add to feelings of isolatio …

141

COVID-19: early reflections.

Lemire F.Can Fam Physician. 2020 May;66(5):380.PMID: 32404463 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

142

Covid-19 communication aids.

Gray NA, Back AL.BMJ. 2020 Jun 11;369:m2255. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m2255.PMID: 32527721 No abstract available.

143

How Covid-19 opened up questions of sociomateriality in healthcare education.

Cleland J, Tan ECP, Tham KY, Low-Beer N.Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2020 May;25(2):479-482. doi: 10.1007/s10459-020-09968-9. Epub 2020 May 6.PMID: 32378152 Free PMC article. Review. No abstract available.

144

Nature and Diffusion of COVID-19-related Oral Health Information on Chinese Social Media: Analysis of Tweets on Weibo.

Tao ZY, Chu G, McGrath C, Hua F, Leung YY, Yang WF, Su YX.J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jun 15;22(6):e19981. doi: 10.2196/19981.PMID: 32501808 Free article.

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has exerted a negative impact on dental practices. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the nature and diffusion of COVID-19-related oral health information on the Chinese social media site Weibo. …The t …

145

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Health Literacy Research Around the World: More Important Than Ever in a Time of COVID-19.

Sentell T, Vamos S, Okan O.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 26;17(9):3010. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093010.PMID: 32357457 Free PMC article.

As we write our editorial for a health literacy special issue in the midst of the international COVID-19 crisis, we take this opportunity to highlight the importance of individual, community, and population health literacy. …

146

Life satisfaction among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Soest TV, Bakken A, Pedersen W, Sletten MA.Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2020 Jun 16;140(10). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0437. Print 2020 Jun 30.PMID: 32602316 Free article. English, Norwegian.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020 involved closure of schools and strict limitations on social contact. …MATERIAL AND METHOD: An online survey among students in lower secondary schools in Oslo (N = 8 116, 46 % response rate) was conduc …

147

The Effects of COVID-19 on Academic Activities and Surgical Education in Italy.

Gallo G, Trompetto M.J Invest Surg. 2020 Aug;33(7):687-689. doi: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1748147. Epub 2020 Apr 5.PMID: 32249660 No abstract available.

148

The use of UV fluorescent powder for COVID-19 airway management simulation training.

Gardiner C, Veall J, Lockhart S.Anaesthesia. 2020 Jul;75(7):964-965. doi: 10.1111/anae.15089. Epub 2020 Apr 29.PMID: 32298467 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

149

School Opening Delay Effect on Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: Based on Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Study.

Kim S, Kim YJ, Peck KR, Jung E.J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Apr 6;35(13):e143. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e143.PMID: 32242349 Free PMC article.

One of the interventions implemented by the government is a school closure. The Ministry of Education decided to postpone the school opening from March 2 to April 6 to minimize epidemic size. We aimed to quantify the school closure effect on the COV …

150

Running a virtual allergy division and training program in the time of COVID-19 pandemic.

Codispoti CD, Bandi S, Moy JN, Mahdavinia M.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 May;145(5):1357-1359. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.018. Epub 2020 Mar 31.PMID: 32243877 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

151

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on final year medical students in the United Kingdom: a national survey.

Choi B, Jegatheeswaran L, Minocha A, Alhilani M, Nakhoul M, Mutengesa E.BMC Med Educ. 2020 Jun 29;20(1):206. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02117-1.PMID: 32600460 Free PMC article.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global pandemic has resulted in unprecedented public health measures. This has impacted the UK education sector with many universities halting campus-based teaching and examinations. …The survey also explored the stud …

152

Significant applications of virtual reality for COVID-19 pandemic.

Singh RP, Javaid M, Kataria R, Tyagi M, Haleem A, Suman R.Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 Jul-Aug;14(4):661-664. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.011. Epub 2020 May 12.PMID: 32438329 Free PMC article.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: During COVID-19 pandemic, researchers are using innovative technologies for fast-tracking the development to end this menace. …METHODS: A brief study on Virtual Reality and its applications for the COVID-19 pandemic is carried out by employing …

153

Optimizing your telemedicine visit during the COVID-19 pandemic: Practice guidelines for patients with head and neck cancer.

Prasad A, Brewster R, Newman JG, Rajasekaran K.Head Neck. 2020 Jun;42(6):1317-1321. doi: 10.1002/hed.26197. Epub 2020 Apr 28.PMID: 32343458 Free PMC article.

The COVID-19 epidemic has resulted in many hospitals and practices to cancel in-person outpatient clinic visits, where head and neck patients receive their critical longitudinal care. …

154

Challenges in oral radiology teaching during COVID-19 pandemic.

Pontual MLA, do Nascimento EHL, da Cruz Perez DE, Pontual AA, Ramos-Perez FM.Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2020 Jul;49(5):20200178. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20200178. Epub 2020 May 14.PMID: 32406750 No abstract available.

155

The challenges and benefits of online teaching about diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Parisi MCR, Frutuoso L, Benevides SSN, Barreira NHM, Silva JLG, Pereira MC, Cecilio-Fernandes D.Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 Jul-Aug;14(4):575-576. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.043. Epub 2020 May 11.PMID: 32413822 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

156

Learning at home during COVID-19: A multi-institutional virtual learning collaboration.

Zuo L, Dillman D, Miller Juvé A.Med Educ. 2020 Jul;54(7):664-665. doi: 10.1111/medu.14194. Epub 2020 Jun 1.PMID: 32330317 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

157

Medical genetics education in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: Shared resources.

Regier DS, Smith WE, Byers HM.Am J Med Genet A. 2020 Jun;182(6):1302-1308. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61595. Epub 2020 Apr 23.PMID: 32323908 Free PMC article.

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is appropriate that our focus is on patient care and preparation. However, the genetics community is well poised to fill in the educational gap created by medical students transitioning to limiting patient contact, creation …

158

The hidden inequalities of COVID-19.

Pellicano E, Stears M.Autism. 2020 Aug;24(6):1309-1310. doi: 10.1177/1362361320927590. Epub 2020 May 18.PMID: 32423232 No abstract available.

159

Optimizing teledermatology visits for dermatology resident education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Oldenburg R, Marsch A.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Jun;82(6):e229. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.097. Epub 2020 Apr 10.PMID: 32283238 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

160

Challenging Times for Children With Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Yadav U, Pal R.Indian Pediatr. 2020 May 15;57(5):478. doi: 10.1007/s13312-020-1831-9. Epub 2020 Apr 11.PMID: 32255436 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

161

The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Training Programs: What You Need to Know.

Warhadpande S, Khaja MS, Sabri SS.Acad Radiol. 2020 Jun;27(6):868-871. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.024. Epub 2020 Apr 27.PMID: 32359819 Free PMC article.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected medical education in unprecedented ways. Herein, we briefly describe the affects of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology residency training and summarize up to date guidance by governing bodies and key stakeholders….

162

The importance of repeat testing in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a coronary artery bypass grafting patient.

Fisher B, Seese L, Sultan I, Kilic A.J Card Surg. 2020 Jun;35(6):1342-1344. doi: 10.1111/jocs.14604. Epub 2020 May 12.PMID: 32400044 Free PMC article. Review.

Despite symptomatology and imaging concerning for COVID-19, two initial reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were negative but a third test was positive. This case emphasizes the risks of discharge location in the COVID-19 era as well as th …

163

Supporting our Fellows and Members through COVID-19.

Pound S, Bhandari S, Maguire C, Elder A.J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2020 Jun;50(2):100-101. doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2020.201.PMID: 32568273 No abstract available.

164

Safeguard research in the time of COVID-19.

[No authors listed]Nat Med. 2020 Apr;26(4):443. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0852-1.PMID: 32242126 No abstract available.

165

Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study.

Koo JR, Cook AR, Park M, Sun Y, Sun H, Lim JT, Tam C, Dickens BL.Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Jun;20(6):678-688. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30162-6. Epub 2020 Mar 23.PMID: 32213332 Free PMC article.

These scenarios included isolation measures for infected individuals and quarantining of family members (hereafter referred to as quarantine); quarantine plus school closure; quarantine plus workplace distancing; and quarantine, school closure, and workplace distanc …

166

Novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) awareness among the dental interns, dental auxiliaries and dental specialists in Saudi Arabia: A nationwide study.

Quadri MFA, Jafer MA, Alqahtani AS, Al Mutahar SAB, Odabi NI, Daghriri AA, Tadakamadla SK.J Infect Public Health. 2020 Jun;13(6):856-864. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.05.010. Epub 2020 May 29.PMID: 32475807 Free PMC article.

BACKGROUND: Dental health care workers (DHCW’s) are invariably at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19. The objectives were; to investigate the current knowledge on COVID-19 among the DHCW’s; and to conduct quasi-experiment among the DHCW’s who …

167

Protecting Medical Trainees on the COVID-19 Frontlines Saves Us All.

Harrington RA, Elkind MSV, Benjamin IJ.Circulation. 2020 May 5;141(18):e775-e777. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047454. Epub 2020 Apr 6.PMID: 32250654 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

168

Continuing education in oral cancer during coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak.

da Cruz Perez DE, Passos KKM, Machado RA, Martelli-Junior H, Bonan PRF.Oral Oncol. 2020 Jun;105:104713. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104713. Epub 2020 Apr 16.PMID: 32307326 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

169

Knowledge of and attitudes toward COVID-19 among parents of child dental patients during the outbreak.

Sun J, Xu Y, Qu Q, Luo W.Braz Oral Res. 2020 Jun 8;34:e066. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2020.vol34.0066. eCollection 2020.PMID: 32520076 Free article.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of and attitudes toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the parents of child dental patients in Shenzhen during the outbreak. …In conclusion, all parents were concerned about COVID-19, and most of them …

170

Understanding Knowledge and Behaviors Related to CoViD-19 Epidemic in Italian Undergraduate Students: The EPICO Study.

Gallè F, Sabella EA, Da Molin G, De Giglio O, Caggiano G, Di Onofrio V, Ferracuti S, Montagna MT, Liguori G, Orsi GB, Napoli C.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 16;17(10):3481. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103481.PMID: 32429432 Free PMC article.

In order to contain the spread of the virus, the Italian government adopted emergency measures nationwide, including closure of schools and universities, workplaces and subsequently lockdown. …

171

Covid-19 and Diabetes in Hawaii.

Melish JS.J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020 Jul;14(4):756-757. doi: 10.1177/1932296820931127. Epub 2020 Jun 2.PMID: 32486844 No abstract available.

172

Leadership proficiency in surgery: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hirpara DH, Taylor B.Can J Surg. 2020 May 8;63(3):E229-E230. doi: 10.1503/cjs.006020.PMID: 32386472 Free article.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accentuated the importance of leadership training for health care professionals, particularly surgeons. …

173

The impact of COVID-19 on medical student surgical education: Implementing extreme pandemic response measures in a widely distributed surgical clerkship experience.

Calhoun KE, Yale LA, Whipple ME, Allen SM, Wood DE, Tatum RP.Am J Surg. 2020 Jul;220(1):44-47. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.04.024. Epub 2020 Apr 28.PMID: 32389331 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

174

COVID-19 pandemic: Beyond medical education in Brazil.

Carvalho VO, Conceição LSR, Gois MB Jr.J Card Surg. 2020 Jun;35(6):1170-1171. doi: 10.1111/jocs.14646.PMID: 32531127 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

175

COVID-19 and Educational Engagement.

Carlson ER.J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020 Jul;78(7):1049-1051. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.04.033. Epub 2020 Apr 28.PMID: 32371146 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

176

Training in neurology: Flexibility and adaptability of a neurology training program at the epicenter of COVID-19.

Agarwal S, Sabadia S, Abou-Fayssal N, Kurzweil A, Balcer LJ, Galetta SL.Neurology. 2020 Jun 16;94(24):e2608-e2614. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009675. Epub 2020 May 8.PMID: 32385187

OBJECTIVE: To outline changes made to a neurology residency program in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: In early March 2020, the first cases of COVID-19 were announced in the United States. …RESULTS: Over time, our program has successfully …

177

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on surgical residency programmes in Italy: a nationwide analysis on behalf of the Italian Polyspecialistic Young Surgeons Society (SPIGC).

Pertile D, Gallo G, Barra F, Pasculli A, Batistotti P, Sparavigna M, Vizzielli G, Soriero D, Graziano G, Di Saverio S, Meniconi RL, Guaitoli E, Mazzarri A; SPIGC Working Group.Updates Surg. 2020 Jun;72(2):269-280. doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00811-9. Epub 2020 Jun 16.PMID: 32557207 Free PMC article.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, Italy has been heavily hit by COVID-19 pandemic and today it is still one of the most affected countries in the world. …CONCLUSION: Our survey demonstrated that COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the educational programme of Ita …

178

Rethinking the role of the school after COVID-19.

Colao A, Piscitelli P, Pulimeno M, Colazzo S, Miani A, Giannini S.Lancet Public Health. 2020 Jul;5(7):e370. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30124-9. Epub 2020 May 25.PMID: 32464100 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

179

Universities will never be the same after the coronavirus crisis.

Witze A.Nature. 2020 Jun;582(7811):162-164. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-01518-y.PMID: 32504014 No abstract available.

180

A short, animated video to improve good COVID-19 hygiene practices: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Vandormael A, Adam M, Greuel M, Bärnighausen T.Trials. 2020 Jun 3;21(1):469. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04449-1.PMID: 32493460 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.

The E-E video’s effectiveness, however, remains unclear. The study aims to achieve the following objectives. To: 1.Quantify people’s interest in watching a short, animated video about COVID-19 hygiene (abbreviated to CoVideo).2.Establish the CoVideo’s …

181

Simulation as a tool for learning surgical craft in Covid-19 era.

Nabi G.Scott Med J. 2020 May;65(2):39. doi: 10.1177/0036933020924991.PMID: 32397899 No abstract available.

182

Ophthalmic clinical skills teaching in the time of COVID-19: A crisis and opportunity.

Shih KC, Chan JC, Chen JY, Lai JS.Med Educ. 2020 Jul;54(7):663-664. doi: 10.1111/medu.14189. Epub 2020 May 23.PMID: 32324929 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

183

COVID-19 Hits Cancer Research Funding.

[No authors listed]Cancer Discov. 2020 Jun;10(6):756. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-ND2020-007. Epub 2020 Apr 24.PMID: 32332087

As the COVID-19 pandemic stretches on, investigators are becoming increasingly concerned about longer-term effects on grants and funding for cancer research. …

184

COVID-19: challenges for a new epoch.

Silva CMD, Arbilla G.Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2020;53:e20200270. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0270-2020. Epub 2020 Jun 1.PMID: 32491108 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

185

Advanced head and neck surgery training during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Givi B, Moore MG, Bewley AF, Coffey CS, Cohen MA, Hessel AC, Jalisi S, Kang S, Newman JG, Puscas L, Shindo M, Shuman A, Thakkar P, Weed DT, Chalian A.Head Neck. 2020 Jul;42(7):1411-1417. doi: 10.1002/hed.26252. Epub 2020 May 8.PMID: 32383550

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted medical training. Here we assess its effect on head and neck surgical education. METHODS: Surveys were sent to current accredited program directors and trainees to assess the impact of COVID-19 on t …

186

Children and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Phelps C, Sperry LL.Psychol Trauma. 2020 Aug;12(S1):S73-S75. doi: 10.1037/tra0000861. Epub 2020 Jun 11.PMID: 32525366

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many school districts have closed for the remainder of the academic year. These closures are unfortunate because, for many students, schools are their only source of trauma-informed care and supports. When schools …

187

Go back to the basics: Cardiac surgery residents at the time of COVID-19.

Ricciardi G, Biondi R, Tamagnini G.J Card Surg. 2020 Jul;35(7):1400-1402. doi: 10.1111/jocs.14680. Epub 2020 Jun 5.PMID: 32500923 Free PMC article. Review. No abstract available.

188

Factors associated with people’s behavior in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bezerra ACV, Silva CEMD, Soares FRG, Silva JAMD.Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Jun;25(suppl 1):2411-2421. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10792020. Epub 2020 Apr 23.PMID: 32520286 Free article. English, Portuguese.

This paper presents the results of an opinion poll conducted in Brazil on the perception of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. …Social interaction was the most affected aspect among people with higher education and income (45.8%), and financial problem …

189

Using eHealth to Support COVID-19 Education, Self-Assessment, and Symptom Monitoring in the Netherlands: Observational Study.

Timmers T, Janssen L, Stohr J, Murk JL, Berrevoets MAH.JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Jun 23;8(6):e19822. doi: 10.2196/19822.PMID: 32516750 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this observational study is to assess people’s use of an app to support them with COVID-19 education, self-assessment, and monitoring of their own health for a 7-day period. …From April 1, 2020, onwards ETZ offered the COVID-19 …

190

Covid-19: reduced asthma presentations in children.

Chavasse RJ.BMJ. 2020 Jul 15;370:m2806. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m2806.PMID: 32669279 No abstract available.

191

Coronavirus Outbreak: Is Radiology Ready? Mass Casualty Incident Planning.

Myers L, Balakrishnan S, Reddy S, Gholamrezanezhad A.J Am Coll Radiol. 2020 Jun;17(6):724-729. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.025. Epub 2020 Apr 3.PMID: 32304643 Free PMC article. Review.

A significant increase is expected in the number of imaging studies ordered for the initial diagnosis and treatment follow-up of cases of COVID-19. …The MCI plan consists of several steps, including preparation, mobilization of resources, imaging chain, adjusting imaging …

192

Scholarship During a Pandemic: Secondary Data Analysis.

Spurlock D Jr.J Nurs Educ. 2020 May 1;59(5):245-247. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20200422-02.PMID: 32352537 Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted nearly every aspect of life in the United States and around the globe, including significant impacts to higher education, both in its teaching-learning and research missions. …Although secondary data analysis will not replace th …

193

Videoconferences of Infectious Diseases: An educational tool that transcends borders. A useful tool also for the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Gonzales-Zamora JA, Alave J, De Lima-Corvino DF, Fernandez A.Infez Med. 2020 Ahead of print Jun 1;28(2):135-138.PMID: 32275254 Free article.

194

COVID-19 and Orthopaedic Surgery: Experiences from Iran.

Askari A, Arasteh P, Jabalameli M, Bagherifard A, Razi M.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020 Jul 1;102(13):1126-1128. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.20.00631.PMID: 32618911 No abstract available.

195

Strong Social Distancing Measures In The United States Reduced The COVID-19 Growth Rate.

Courtemanche C, Garuccio J, Le A, Pinkston J, Yelowitz A.Health Aff (Millwood). 2020 Jul;39(7):1237-1246. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00608. Epub 2020 May 14.PMID: 32407171

These measures included bans on large social gatherings; school closures; closures of entertainment venues, gyms, bars, and restaurant dining areas; and shelter-in-place orders. …An event study design allowed each policy’s impact on COVID-19 case growth to …

196

Letter to the Editor: Addressing test security issues pertaining to reuse of closed-book summative assessment items possibly compromised during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prakash ES, Kacsoh B.Adv Physiol Educ. 2020 Sep 1;44(3):362. doi: 10.1152/advan.00096.2020.PMID: 32568003 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

197

COVID-19 changes medical education in Italy: will other countries follow?

Lapolla P, Mingoli A.Postgrad Med J. 2020 Jul;96(1137):375-376. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137876. Epub 2020 May 13.PMID: 32404497 No abstract available.

198

Fighting COVID-19: Enabling Graduating Students to Start Internship Early at Their Own Medical School.

DeWitt DE.Ann Intern Med. 2020 Jul 21;173(2):143-144. doi: 10.7326/M20-1262. Epub 2020 Apr 7.PMID: 32259191 Free PMC article.

This perspective proposes one way to ensure enough doctors, nurses, and pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: Enable graduating students to start internship early at their own medical school….

199

Why Your Patients’ Believing Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Are 90% Effective for COVID-19 Is 100% Dangerous.

White CM, Hernandez AV.J Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Aug;60(8):949-953. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1687. Epub 2020 Jul 1.PMID: 32530493 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

200

Role of Non-Profit Organizations During COVID-19 for Diabetes Care: Health Care Inequities and Role of Virtual Specialty Clinic.

Panzirer D.Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020 Jun;22(6):440-443. doi: 10.1089/dia.2020.0219. Epub 2020 May 18.PMID: 32392431

Why Countries Should NOT Close Schools: references included

Reopening schools after the COVID-19 lockdown

Table 1

Footnotes

REFERENCES

COVID-19 and the re-opening of schools: a policy maker’s dilemma

Associated Data

Abstract

Main text

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

Authors’ contributions

Funding

Availability of data and materials

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Consent for publication

Competing interests

Footnotes

References